Schools Speak
The Ideological Dimension of Italian School Buildings In The Gorizia Region (1918–1943)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.2.08Keywords:
education, Italianisation, fascism, the Gorizia region, school buildingsAbstract
This article explores the ideological language of school buildings in the Gorizia (Goriška) region between 1918 and 1943. At the time, education represented one of the pillars of the Italianisation process, carried out by the Italian authorities to destroy the Slovenian ethnic community beyond the Rapallo border. The intense ideologisation of education was also evident from the symbolic implications of school buildings. The latter did not merely represent neutral physical facilities where classes were held. Instead, they were places full of meaning. The symbolic charge of the school premises was established in various ways. While the characteristics and purpose of schooling played the most crucial role in this, many school buildings were also additionally symbolically marked – mainly through their names but also with the state and fascist symbols featured on the school premises. The symbolic character of Italian schools at that time is best illustrated by the numerous arsons and attempted arsons carried out by the Slovenian resistance organisation TIGR.
References
Althusser, Louis. Ideologija in ideološki aparati države in drugi spisi. Ljubljana: *cf, 2018.
Andri, Adriano in Giulio Mellinato. Scuola e confine: le istituzioni educative della Venezia Giulia 1915–1945. Trieste: Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1994.
Batič, Matic. »ʻZones more related to immortal splendor of gloryʼ: Italian war memorials and commemorative practices in Venezia Giulia (1918–1922).« Acta Histriae 26, št. 4 (2018): 1063-1086.
Bele, Venceslav. »Naš kmečki dom.« V: Koledar Goriške Mohorjeve družbe za navadno leto 1927, ur. Venceslav Bele, 98–99. Gorica: Goriška Mohorjeva družba, 1927.
Berg, Lawrence D. in Jani Vuolteenaho (ur). Critical Toponomies: The Contested Politics of Place Naming. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009.
Cattaruzza, Marina. L'Italia e il confine orientale. Bologna: Società editrice Il Mulino, 2007.
Cencič, Mira. TIGR. Slovenci pod Italijo in TIGR na okopih v boju za obstoj. Kras in Vipavska dolina. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1997.
Charnitzky, Jürgen, Die Schulpolitik des faschistischen Regimes in Italien (1922–1943), Tübingen: Niemeyer Verlag, 1994.
Čermelj, Lavo. Slovenci in Hrvatje pod Italijo med obema vojnama. Ljubljana: Slovenska matica, 1965.
Eco, Umberto. »Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture.« V: Rethinking architecture: a Reader in Cultural Theory, ur. Ned Leach, 182–202. London, New York: Routledge, 2005.
Devetak, Robert. »Boj za slovenske šole in delovanje ženskih podružnic Družbe svetega Cirila in Metoda na Goriškem in Gradiškem v obdobju pred prvo svetovno vojno.« Zgodovinski časopis 74, št. 3-4 (2020): 360–387.
Drole, Ernesta. »Italijanska šolska stavbna dediščina med obema vojnama na severnem Primorskem.« Šolska kronika. Zbornik za zgodovino šolstva in vzgoje 12, št. 1 (2003): 31–41.
Green, Andy. »Education and State Formation Revisited.« V: History of Education: Major Themes, Vol. 2, Debates in the History of Education, ur. Roy Lowe, 303–321. London: Routledge, 2000.
Kacin-Wohinz, Milica. Prvi antifašizem v Evropi: Primorska 1925-1935. Koper: Lipa, 1990.
Kacin-Wohinz, Milica in Jože Pirjevec. Zgodovina Slovencev v Italiji 1855–2000. Ljubljana: Nova revija, 2000.
Kacin-Wohinz, Milica in Marta Verginella. Primorski upor fašizmu: 1920–1941. Ljubljana: Slovenska matica, 2008.
Klabjan, Borut. »Fašistični Trst: tržaška kulturna krajina v času med svetovnima vojnama.« Studia historica slovenica 14, št. 2/3 (2014): 593–607.
Kučan, Ana. Krajina kot nacionalni simbol. Ljubljana: Znanstveno in publicistično središče, 1998.
Lotman, Jurij Mihajlovič. Znotraj mislečih svetov. Človek–tekst–semiosfera–zgodovina. Ljubljana: Studia humanitatis, 2006.
Marušič, Branko. Pregled politične zgodovine Slovencev na Goriškem: 1848–1899. Nova Gorica: Goriški muzej, 2005.
Matajc, Vanesa. »ʻThe rhetorics of spaceʼ: Introduction.« Neohelicon: acta Comparationis litterarum universarum 41 (2014): 3–12.
McMillan, James, »ʻPriest hits girlʼ: on the front line in the ʻwar of the two Francesʼ.« V: Culture Wars. Secular-Catholic Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Europe, ur. Christopher Clark in Wolfram Kaiser, 77-101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Mikša, Peter in Matija Zorn. »Nacionalni boj za gore in slovenska identiteta.« Časopis za zgodovino in narodopisje 92, št. 1 (2021): 67–88.
Pahor, Drago. Pregled razvoja osnovnega šolstva na zapadnem robu slovenskega ozemlja. Ljubljana: Slovenski šolski muzej, 1970.
Pelikan, Egon. »Laibach/Ljubljana: Nationale und politische Selbstdarstellung im öffentlichen Raum um die Jahrhundertwende.« V: Urbane Eliten und kultureller Wandel, ur. Christian Grebel et al., 175-188. Wien: Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, 1996.
Prinčič, Vili. Neme priče vojnih grozot 1915–1918. Trst: Mladika, 2018.
Schama, Simon. Landscape and Memory. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.
Sofri, Adriano. Il martire fascista. Palermo: Sellerio editore, 2019.
Smith, Anthony D. Myths and Memories of the Nation. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Svoljšak, Petra. Soča, sveta reka. Italijanska vojaška zasedba slovenskega ozemlja (1915–1917). Ljubljana: Nova revija, 2003.
Svoljšak, Petra. »ʻNamen je bil pač, otroke popolnoma preroditi v laškem duhuʼ: šolstvo pod italijansko okupacijo 1915-1917.« Kronika: časopis za slovensko krajevno zgodovino. Izredna številka: V zlatih črkah v zgodovini: razprave v spomin Olgi Janša-Zorn (2009): 251-264.
Tul, Vlasta. »Šole, vrtci – brezupna bojišča italijanskih oblasti na slovenski zemlji.« V: Kronika Rihemberka - Branika 2, ur. Zalka Jereb et al., 103-152. Branik: Krajevna skupnost, Kulturno prosvetno društvo Franc Zgonik Branik, 2006.
Tul, Vlasta. »Srednje šole v Tolminu v času italijanske oblasti od ustanovitve učiteljišča leta 1919 do leta 1943: ob stoletnici srednjega šolstva v Tolminu.« Tolminski zbornik 5 (2020): 329–348.
Van Horn Melton, James. Absolutism and the Eighteenth-Century Origins of Compulsory Schooling in Prussia and Austria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Vidrih-Lavrenčič, Lilijana in Metka Nusdorfer. Občine na Goriškem od srede 19. stoletja do druge svetovne vojne. Zgodovinska razstava. Nova Gorica: Pokrajinski arhiv v Novi Gorici, 1986.
Vodopivec, Peter. Od Pohlinove slovnice do samostojne države. Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2007.
Vostřelová, Věra. »Architektura v procesu formování národní identity / Die Architektur im Prozess der Bildung der Nationalidentität.« V: Cizí dům? Architektura českých Němců 1848–1891 / Ein fremdes Haus? Die Architektur der Deutschböhmen 1848–1891, ur. Vera Lastovickova, 22–55. Praha: UMPRUM, 2015.
Wörsdörfer, Rolf. Krisenherd Adria. Konstruktion und Artikulation des Nationalen im italienisch-jugoslawischen Grenzraum. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
