Poslijeratna tranzicija na sjevernojadranskom pograničnom prostoru (1945–1954)

Avtorji

  • Mila Orlić Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Rijeci

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.64.3.10

Ključne besede:

Istra, Severni Jadran, mejni prostor, tranzicija, migracije, narodna ravnodušnost, hibridizem

Povzetek

Based on archival sources, this article critically analyses the national approach to the historical narratives in the North Adriatic region after World War II and highlights the need for a transnational (or rather non-national) and entangled history approach to the study of the borderlands. In such territories, which have been subject to frequent changes (in terms of states, borders, regimes, etc.), the forms of multilayered, fluid, undefined, hybrid, and ambivalent identifications of the population manifest themselves. Along these lines, the
predominant ethnocentric historical representations appear inadequate or insufficient for an in-depth analysis of broader social processes in the complex times of transition after World War II. Thus, we can conclude that the contemporary history of Istria provides a significant insight into the processes of nation and state building. Simultaneously, it offers rich material for research based on new methodological approaches and perspectives, capable of more
thoroughly analysing the relations between the social and political actors as well as exploring the flexible strategies and practices whose national identifications often merely serve to pursue specific goals.

Literatura

AA.VV.. La comunità nazionale italiana nei censimenti jugoslavi 1945–1991. Rovigno, Fiume, Trieste:

Centro di ricerche storiche / Unione italiana/ Università popolare, 2001.

Abram, Marco. „Integrating Rijeka into Socialist Yugoslavia: The Politics of National Identity and

the New City’s Image (1947–1955).“ Nationalities Papers, 1 (2018): 69–85.

Anderson, Benedict. Nacija: zamišljena zajednica. Razmatranja o porijeklu i širenju nacionalizma.

Zagreb: Školska knjiga, 1990.

Badurina, Natka. Strah od pamćenja. Književnost i sjeverni Jadran na ruševinama dvadesetog stoljeća.

Zagreb: Disput, 2023.

Bagarić, Petar. „Popis Jadranskog instituta u Istri 1945. godine.“ Acta Histriae, 3 (2015): 447–48.

Ballinger, Pamela. History in Exile. Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 2003.

Ballinger, Pamela. „‘Authentic Hybrids’ in the Balkan Borderlands.“ Current Anthropology, 1

(2004): 31–60.

Ballinger, Pamela. „History’s ‘Illegibles’: National Indeterminacy in Istria.“ Austrian History Yearbook

(2012): 116–37.

Ballinger, Pamela. The World Refugees Made: Decolonization and the Foundation of Postwar Italy.

Ithaca-NY: Cornell University Press, 2020.

Berrini, Andrea. Noi siamo la classe operaia: i duemila di Monfalcone. Milano: Baldini Castoldi Dalai,

Bertucelli, Lorenzo i Mila Orlić (ur.). Una storia balcanica. Fascismo, comunismo e nazionalismo nella

Jugoslavia del Novecento. Verona: Ombre corte, 2008.

Bjork, James. Neither German nor Pole. Catholicism and National Indifference in a Central European

Borderland. Ann Arbor Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2008.

Bjork, James, Tomasz Kamusella, Timothy Wilson i Anna Novikov (ur.). Creating Nationality in

Central Europe, 1880–1950: Modernity, Violence and Belonging in Upper Silesia. London, New York:

Routledge, 2016.

Blagonić, Sandi. Istrijani protiv Istrana. Diskurzivna konstrukcija identiteta i simbolička natjecanja.

Zagreb: Jesenski i Turk, 2016.

Bresciani, Marco. „Lost in transition? The Habsburg legacy, state- and na tion-building and the

new fascist order in the Upper Adriatic.“ U: Ginderachter van, Maarten i Jon Fox (ur.). National

Indifference and the History of Nationalism in Modern Europe, 56–80. London: Routledge, 2019.

Bresciani, Marco. „The Battle for Post-Habsburg Trieste/Trst: State Transition, Social Unrest, and

Political Radicalism (1918–23).“ Austrian History Yearbook 52 (2021): 182–200.

Bresciani, Marco. „Una rivoluzione ‘antiasburgica’. Caos post-bellico, violenza e ascesa fascista

nell’Istria post-asburgica.“ Studi storici, 4 (2022): 931–60.

Brown, Kate. A Biography of No Place. From Ethnic Borderland to Soviet Heartland. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 2004.

Brubaker, Rogers i Frederic Cooper. „Beyond ‘Identity’.“ Theory and Society 29, 1 (2000): 1–47.

Cadastre National de l’Istrie, d’après le Recensement du 1er Octobre 1945. Sušak: Institut Adriatique, 1946.

Colummi, Cristiana, Liliana Ferrari, Gianna Nassisi i Germano Trani. Storia di un esodo. Istria

–1956. Trieste: Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli-Venezia

Giulia, 1980.

D’Alessio, Vanni. „Istrians, Identifications and the Habsburg Legacy. Perspectives on Identities in

Istria.“ Acta Histriae, 1 (2006): 15–39.

D’Alessio, Vanni. „Dall’Impero d’Austria al Regno d’Italia. Lingua, stato e nazionalizzazione in

Istria“. U: Bertucelli, Lorenzo i Mila Orlić. Una storia balcanica. Fascismo, comunismo e nazionalismo

nella Jugoslavia del Novecento, 31–71. Verona: Ombre corte, 2008.

Dota, Franko. Zaraćeno poraće. Konfliktni i konkurentski narativi o stradanju i iseljavanju Talijana

Istre. Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2010.

Dukovski, Darko. Rat i mir istarski: model povijesne prijelomnice 1943.–1955. Pula: C.A.S.H., 2001.

Dukovski, Darko. Povijest Pule: deterministički kaos i jahači Apokalipse. Pula: Istarski ogranak Društva

hrvatskih književnika, 2011.

Ginderachter van, Maarten i Jon Fox (ur.). National Indifference and the History of Nationalism in

Modern Europe. London: Routledge, 2019.

Giuricin, Luciano. „Il censimento jugoslavo del 1945 secondo il Cadastre National de l’Istrie.“ Storia

urbana 103 (2003): 31–45.

Gombač, Jure. Esuli ali optanti? Zgodovinski primer v luči sodobne teorije. Koper: Založba ZRS, 2005.

Gombač, Jure. „Izseljevanje iz Kopra in njegove okolice po sprejetju Londonskega memoranduma.

Analiza podatkov odhajajočih skozi prizmo narodnosti.“ Annales 26 (2001): 395–402.

Hrobat Virloget, Katja, Catherine Gousseff i Gustavo Corni (ur.). At home but foreigners. Population

Transfers in 20th Century Istria. Koper: Annales University Press, 2015.

Hrobat Virloget, Katja. V tišini spomina. “Eksodus” in Istra. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem;

Trst: Založništvo tržaškega tiska, 2021.

Hobsbawm, Eric i David Kertzer. „Ethnicity and Nationalism in Europe Today.“ Anthropology

Today, 1 (1992): 3–8.

Jeličić, Ivan. „Redefining Fiumians: Flag Usage and the Ambiguities of the Nation-Building Process

in the Former Habsburg-Hungarian corpus separatum, 1914–1924.“ Contemporary European

History (2022): 1–20.

Judson, Pieter. Guardians of the nation: activists on the language frontiers of imperial Austria. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 2006.

Kalc, Aleksej. „The other side of the ‘Istrian exodus’: immigration and social restoration in Slovenian

coastal towns in the 1950s.“ Dve domovini: razprave o izseljenstvu 49 (2019): 145–62.

Kamusella, Tomasz. The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. London:

Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Karch, Brendan. Nation and Loyalty in a German-Polish Borderland. Upper Silesia, 1848–1960.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

King, Jeremy. Budweisers into Czechs and Germans. A local history of Bohemian politics, 1848–1948.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Klabjan, Borut (ur.). Borderlands of Memory. Adriatic and Central European Perspectives, Oxford:

Peter Lang, 2019.

Kosi, Jernej. „Slovenian Historiography in the Post-1989 Period.“ Contemporary European History

(2024): 1–9.

Ličen, Daša. Meščanstvo v zalivu: društveno življenje v habsburškem Trstu. Ljubljana: Mladinska

knjiga, 2023.

Lusenti, Luigi. Una storia silenziosa – gli italiani che scelsero Tito. Milano: ComEdit, 2000.

Mileta Mattiuz, Olinto. Popolazioni dell’Istria, Fiume, Zara e Dalmazia (1850–2002). Trieste: Edizioni

A.D.E.S., 2005.

Miletto, Enrico. Gli Italiani di Tito. La Zona B del Territorio Libero di Trieste e l’emigrazione comunista

in Jugoslavia (1947–1954). Soveria Mannelli: Rubettino, 2019.

Orlić, Mila. „L’esodo degli italiani dall’Istria e l’insediamento nella provincia di Modena.“ Quaderni,

(2007): 33–68.

Orlić, Mila. „Italians or ‘Foreigners’? The Multilayered Memories of Istrian Refugees in Italy“. U:

Klabjan, Borut. Borderlands of Memory. Adriatic and Central European Perspectives, 255–72. Oxford:

Peter Lang, 2019.

Orlić, Mila. Identità di confine. Storia dell’Istria e degli istriani dal 1943 a oggi. Roma: Viella, 2023.

Orlić, Mila. „Talijansko javno pamćenje i slika drugog: antislavenski stereotipi u recentnoj historiografiji

i književnosti sjevernojadranskog prostora.“ Acta Histriae, 2 (2023): 333–52.

Parovel, Paolo. L’identità cancellata. L’italianizzazione forzata dei cognomi, nomi e toponimi, nella

Venezia Giulia dal 1919 al 1945, con gli elenchi delle province di Trieste, Gorizia, Istria ed i dati dei

primi 5300 decreti. Trieste: Eugenio Parovel Editore, 1985.

Puppini, Marco. Costruire un mondo nuovo. Un secolo di lotte operaie nel Cantiere di Monfalcone.

Monfalcone, Gorizia: Comune di Monfalcone, ANPI, Centro isontino di documentazione storica

e sociale “L. Gasparini”, 2008.

Reill, Dominique K. Nationalists Who Feared the Nation Adriatic Multi-Nationalism in Habsburg

Dalmatia, Trieste, and Venice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012.

Reill, Dominique K. The Fiume Crisis. Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press, 2020.

Reill, Dominique K., Ivan Jeličić i Francesca Rolandi. “Redefining Citizenship after Empire: The

Rights to Welfare, to Work, and to Remain in a Post-Habsburg World.” The Journal of Modern History,

(2022): 326–62.

Sestan, Ernesto. Venezia Giulia. Lineamenti di una storia etnica e culturale. Roma: Edizioni italiane,

Sestan, Ernesto. Venezia Giulia. Lineamenti di una storia etnica e culturale. Udine: Del Bianco, 1997.

Simon, Daniela. “The ‘Hybrids’ and the Re-Ordering of Istria, 1870–1914.” Acta Histriae, 4

(2020): 577–604.

Smodlaka, Josip. O razgraničenju Jugoslavije s Italijom. Beograd: Izdanje Nove Jugoslavije, 1944.

Stergar, Rok. “Introdution to Forum: The Adriatic, the Alps, and the Danube: Identities, Categories

of Identification, and Identifications.” Austrian History Yearbook 49 (2018): 17–22.

Stergar, Rok i Tamara Scheer. “Ethnic boxes: the unintended consequences of Habsburg bureaucratic

classification.“ Nationalities Papers, 4 (2018): 575–91.

Škiljan, Filip. “Iz svakodnevnoga života sela Žejane u dvadesetom stoljeću.” Histria, 4 (2014):

–70.

Toncich, Francesco. „Istria Between Purity and Hybridity: The Creation of the Istrian Region

through. Scientific Research in the 19th Century.” Acta Histriae, 4 (2020): 541–76.

Verginella, Marta. „Il paradigma città/campagna e la rappresentazione dualistica di uno spazio

multietnico.” Contemporanea, 4 (2008): 779–92.

Volk, Sandi. Esuli a Trieste. Bonifica nazionale e rafforzamento dell’italianità sul confine orientale.

Udine: Kappa Vu, 2004.

Volk, Sandi. „Gli spostamenti di popolazione italiane, slovene e croate al confine italiano tra fascismo

e dopoguerra.” U: Bertucelli, Lorenzo i Mila Orlić. Una storia balcanica. Fascismo, comunismo e

nazionalismo nella Jugoslavia del Novecento, 90–122. Verona: Ombre corte, 2008.

Zahra, Tara. Kidnapped souls. National indifference and the battle for children in the Bohemian Lands,

–1948. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.

Zahra, Tara. „Imagined non-communities: national indifference as a category of analysis.“ Slavic

Review 69 (2010): 93–119.

Zajc, Marko. Gdje slovensko prestaje, a hrvatsko počinje: slovensko-hrvatska granica u 19. i početkom

stoljeća. Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2008.

Objavljeno

2024-12-02

Številka

Rubrika

Razprave